Different parts of a propeller: A majority of the boat propellers that you would come across would have three or four blades. These blades are connected to the hub, and the hub connects the propellers blades to the engines drive shaft. The angles at which these blades are connected to the shaft allow them to screw through water, which is what makes the boat move forward. The blades two ends are referred to as the leading edge and the trailing edge wherein the leading edge is the edge that cuts through water.
A spline, while technically, is not a part of the propeller, refers to the drive shafts teeth. Hubs are designed in a way that allows them to fit shafts with given numbers of splines.
The features of a boat prop: Boat props are classified by their diameter and pitch, and this is often displayed as 2 numbers (in inches), such as 15.5 X 12. One can usually find this stamped on the props hub. The 1st number refers to the props diameter (which would be double the distance from the blades end to the hubs center). The 2nd number refers to the props pitch. The pitch refers to the distance that the propeller can theoretically travel through with every revolution. A prop with a 12 inch pitch could travel around 1 foot with a single revolution. Pitch is often looked upon as a theoretical figure because a prop pitch can experience slips in varied real world scenarios. A slip refers to the difference in ratio between the actual distance that is traveled and the props given pitch. This slip can be varied under similar conditions, an example being that an efficiently planned boat could experience only a 10 percent slip, where as a heavy work boat could experience as much as 80 percent slip.
When it comes to a propellers rotation, it could be either right or left handed. While most commonly available props have right handed rotation, you could come across left handed rotational props when double engines are required to counter the torque of the motor.
A cupped blade refers to the special treatment wherein the prop blades trailing edge is curved. This helps increase performance levels under specific conditions.
The rake is used to refer to the angle created by the blade and the hub. A negative rake would indicate that the props blades point forward and this is normally done for adding strength.
Before you start, it is important that you note down your engines specifications, such as make, horse power (HP), model, etc. and your existing props details like its material (steel, aluminum, etc), diameter, pitch, and number of blades. You can then comfortably embark upon your hunt for a new boat prop.
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